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Audio CD Track Details
The CD-ROM specification (Yellow Book) defines the use of two types of sectors, mode 1 and mode 2. There are two different types of sectors defined in the CD-ROM specification, Mode 1 and Mode 2 (the latter being used for CD-ROM XA discs).
Mode 1 and Mode2 sector fields description:
- Sync (12 bytes) which is used to enable the player to identify the start of each sector.
- Header (4 bytes) consisting of Minutes, Seconds, Sectors and Mode (= 1).
- Subheader (8 bytes) contains content related parameters eg data type.
- EDC (Error Detection Code - 4 bytes) for detecting errors to be corrected.
- ECC (Error Correction Code - 276 bytes), which comprises an additional level of CIRC error protection.
Mode 2 sectors are used for formats based on CD-ROM XA and can be either Form 1 or 2.
- Mode 2 Form 1 sectors contain 2048 bytes with the same ECC as Mode 1 sectors.
- Mode 2 Form 2 sectors contain 2324 bytes of user data per sector, with no ECC are are suitable only for data where errors can be concealed (eg audio or video data).
Note that Mode 1 and Mode 2 Form 1 use the same error correction.
The capacity of a CD-ROM depends on whether it is a Mode 1 or Mode 2. Assuming the maximum size is 76 minutes 30 seconds (as recommended) this means that there are 336,300 sectors on a CD-ROM. From this must be subtracted 166 sectors at the start of track 1 plus a few sectors for the file system, amounting to, say, 200 sectors leaving 336,100 sectors for user data.
- Mode 1 sectors contain 2048 bytes per sector giving a total capacity of 688,332,800 bytes or 656MB (where 1 MB = 1024 * 1024).
- Mode 2 sectors contain either 2048 or 2324 bytes per sector so will have a somewhat higher data capacity depending on the mix of the two types of sector.
The above assumes a CD-ROM comprising a single track in a single session. For multiple track/session discs the data capacity will be reduced.
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